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| - | ===== Calendula (Calendula officinale) | + | ====Calendula (Calendula officinale)==== |
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| - | == Name: Calendula == | + | ====Name: Calendula==== |
| Other names: Pot Marigold, Marigold, Sun’s gold, Solis, Holligold, Gold bloom. | Other names: Pot Marigold, Marigold, Sun’s gold, Solis, Holligold, Gold bloom. | ||
| Latin Name: Calendula officinale | Latin Name: Calendula officinale | ||
| Family: Asteracaea (Composite – Daisy Family) | Family: Asteracaea (Composite – Daisy Family) | ||
| - | == Description == | + | ====Description==== |
| Calendula is an aromatic annual plant that can also be a short lived perennial. It has a pale green angular stem that braches and is covered in glandular hairs, with a woody base, particularly in older plants, that grows to approximately 50cm in height. Calendula has sessile leaves, the lower basal leaves are long thin obovate to elliptic leaves that are slightly hairy. The upper cauline leaves are oblong to lanceolate in shape, some leaves are dentate, these are also often amplexicaul. Generally, the leaves grow up to 20cm in length the upper leaves often being smaller than then basal. The leaves are edible and have a bitter taste. Calendula produces a thick capitulum of yellow to orange shaded disk ray florets, flowering throughout the majority of the year. The flowers are edible and have a spicy flavor. The flowers are between 4-7cm in diameter, these have 2 rows of hairy bracts surrounding them. Calendula has rings of seeds (achene). The inner ring of seeds are the shortest being 4-7mm in diameter and curved in shape, this is surrounded by larger a ring of seeds, the third ring of seeds are the largest being up to 18mm in size, notably curved and can be both glabrous (smooth) or hairy. | Calendula is an aromatic annual plant that can also be a short lived perennial. It has a pale green angular stem that braches and is covered in glandular hairs, with a woody base, particularly in older plants, that grows to approximately 50cm in height. Calendula has sessile leaves, the lower basal leaves are long thin obovate to elliptic leaves that are slightly hairy. The upper cauline leaves are oblong to lanceolate in shape, some leaves are dentate, these are also often amplexicaul. Generally, the leaves grow up to 20cm in length the upper leaves often being smaller than then basal. The leaves are edible and have a bitter taste. Calendula produces a thick capitulum of yellow to orange shaded disk ray florets, flowering throughout the majority of the year. The flowers are edible and have a spicy flavor. The flowers are between 4-7cm in diameter, these have 2 rows of hairy bracts surrounding them. Calendula has rings of seeds (achene). The inner ring of seeds are the shortest being 4-7mm in diameter and curved in shape, this is surrounded by larger a ring of seeds, the third ring of seeds are the largest being up to 18mm in size, notably curved and can be both glabrous (smooth) or hairy. | ||
| - | == Habitat == | + | ====Habitat==== |
| Calendula originally was native to the Mediterranean area of Europe, it has been linked with Egyptian origin, however now is naturalized in many parts of the world and found in many gardens where is self propagates. Calendula likes to grow in open sunny areas, preferring loamy soils but will tolerate most soil conditions. Calendula likes to receive adequate water, too much water / humidity causes mildew. Dead flower head removals encourages the plant to produce more flowers, often making it a far sturdier plant. Calendula us resistant to drought and frost. | Calendula originally was native to the Mediterranean area of Europe, it has been linked with Egyptian origin, however now is naturalized in many parts of the world and found in many gardens where is self propagates. Calendula likes to grow in open sunny areas, preferring loamy soils but will tolerate most soil conditions. Calendula likes to receive adequate water, too much water / humidity causes mildew. Dead flower head removals encourages the plant to produce more flowers, often making it a far sturdier plant. Calendula us resistant to drought and frost. | ||
| - | == Spiritual connections == | + | ====Spiritual connections==== |
| The plant is associated with the Sun gods and is ruled by the Sun. It has correspondences to the element fire. Calendula’s signatory yellow-orange flowers being the correlation of this. | The plant is associated with the Sun gods and is ruled by the Sun. It has correspondences to the element fire. Calendula’s signatory yellow-orange flowers being the correlation of this. | ||
| - | == Historical lore == | + | ====Historical lore==== |
| The name Calendula is related to its flowering throughout the year, the Latin word Calends (Kalendae) meaning first day of the month, this is also the origin of the word Calendar. Calendula was reported to of flowered throughout the year on each calends (month). | The name Calendula is related to its flowering throughout the year, the Latin word Calends (Kalendae) meaning first day of the month, this is also the origin of the word Calendar. Calendula was reported to of flowered throughout the year on each calends (month). | ||
| - | == Propagation == | + | ====Propagation==== |
| Spring is the best time to sow the plant, ideally in its permanent location, planted 30-50cm apart. Once established the plant will self propogate. | Spring is the best time to sow the plant, ideally in its permanent location, planted 30-50cm apart. Once established the plant will self propogate. | ||
| - | == Parts used == | + | ====Parts used==== |
| Flowers, the orange flowers are thought to have better medicinal qualities. The flowers are best harvested when whole and fully open, after the morning dew. Picking the flowers too late in the morning can result in the plant wilting and being discoloured. The flower heads are best dried in a warm area out of direct sunlight. | Flowers, the orange flowers are thought to have better medicinal qualities. The flowers are best harvested when whole and fully open, after the morning dew. Picking the flowers too late in the morning can result in the plant wilting and being discoloured. The flower heads are best dried in a warm area out of direct sunlight. | ||
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| The leaves can also be used, there bitter taste being linked with the liver. The leaves are best picked when young. | The leaves can also be used, there bitter taste being linked with the liver. The leaves are best picked when young. | ||
| - | == Dosage == | + | ====Dosage==== |
| **Oral** | **Oral** | ||
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| A yellow dye can be extracted by boiling the flowers in water. | A yellow dye can be extracted by boiling the flowers in water. | ||
| - | == Constituents == | + | ====Constituents==== |
| Carotenoids (the majority fluvaxanthin and auroxanthing) this account of 1.5-3% of plant, the carotenoids vary dependent on the colour of flowers and their geographical location. Triterpenes in the form of alcohols and esters, an triterpenoid saponons. Calendula flowers also contain, resin, essential oil, sterols, flavonoids, polysaccharides, | Carotenoids (the majority fluvaxanthin and auroxanthing) this account of 1.5-3% of plant, the carotenoids vary dependent on the colour of flowers and their geographical location. Triterpenes in the form of alcohols and esters, an triterpenoid saponons. Calendula flowers also contain, resin, essential oil, sterols, flavonoids, polysaccharides, | ||
| - | == Nutrients == | + | ====Nutrients==== |
| Vitamins A, C, E and CoQ10 | Vitamins A, C, E and CoQ10 | ||
| Minerals: Potassium, sodium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron, copper and manganese. | Minerals: Potassium, sodium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron, copper and manganese. | ||
| - | == Therapeutic actions == | + | ====Therapeutic actions==== |
| Anti-inflammatory, | Anti-inflammatory, | ||
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| In vitro and in vivo experiments on rats has shown that Calendula extracts protect liver cells. | In vitro and in vivo experiments on rats has shown that Calendula extracts protect liver cells. | ||
| + | ====Making Calendula Oil==== | ||
| + | [[calendula_oil|Full Guide]] | ||