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| - | ====Taxonomy==== | + | =====Taxonomy===== |
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| Botanical Name: Gingko biloba \\ | Botanical Name: Gingko biloba \\ | ||
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| Adiantifolia, | Adiantifolia, | ||
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| - | ====Description==== | + | =====Description===== |
| Gingko is a deciduous tree that produces resin. It is a dioecious tree, this means it has male and female trees, therefore both are required for pollination. The tree grows approximately 40m by 7m and can have a trunk diameter of up to 1.5m when fully grown. The tree can live up to a 1000 years old, some ancient trees in China are thought to be older than this. The branches of the tree are stiff, having both elongated and spur shoots. The leaves of the tree are fan shaped or similar to that of ducks feet, which also goes with their name of duck foot tree. The leaves are approximately 5-7 cm long, being both alternate and clustered, they are divided in the middle, dichotomously veined and long petioled. The name biloba is an indication of the two lobes of the leaf. The leaves are light green in spring turning to a rich golden yellow in autumn. The reproductive structures of the plant are on the spur shoots, in the axils of the bracts or leaves. The male plant has catkins whereas the female has 2 ovules on a long peduncle, only one of these usually matures. The fruit of the plant ripens in the autumn, this is approximately 2.5cm long, yellow, plum like and fleshy in appearance. This fruit contains an inner seed or kernel (nut). The odour of the fruit is strong and characteristic and quite unpleasant in manner. ((Braun and Cohen, 2011; Dharmananda and Heiner, 1997; Fisher 2009)) \\ \\ | Gingko is a deciduous tree that produces resin. It is a dioecious tree, this means it has male and female trees, therefore both are required for pollination. The tree grows approximately 40m by 7m and can have a trunk diameter of up to 1.5m when fully grown. The tree can live up to a 1000 years old, some ancient trees in China are thought to be older than this. The branches of the tree are stiff, having both elongated and spur shoots. The leaves of the tree are fan shaped or similar to that of ducks feet, which also goes with their name of duck foot tree. The leaves are approximately 5-7 cm long, being both alternate and clustered, they are divided in the middle, dichotomously veined and long petioled. The name biloba is an indication of the two lobes of the leaf. The leaves are light green in spring turning to a rich golden yellow in autumn. The reproductive structures of the plant are on the spur shoots, in the axils of the bracts or leaves. The male plant has catkins whereas the female has 2 ovules on a long peduncle, only one of these usually matures. The fruit of the plant ripens in the autumn, this is approximately 2.5cm long, yellow, plum like and fleshy in appearance. This fruit contains an inner seed or kernel (nut). The odour of the fruit is strong and characteristic and quite unpleasant in manner. ((Braun and Cohen, 2011; Dharmananda and Heiner, 1997; Fisher 2009)) \\ \\ | ||
| - | ====Habitat==== | + | =====Habitat===== |
| Gingko originated from South East China, however it is common throughout the world as an ornamental tree that is resistant to pests and infection. Often the male tree is grown due to the smell of the fruits produced by the females. Plants can be grown from seed, cuttings, layers or from buds and grafts. | Gingko originated from South East China, however it is common throughout the world as an ornamental tree that is resistant to pests and infection. Often the male tree is grown due to the smell of the fruits produced by the females. Plants can be grown from seed, cuttings, layers or from buds and grafts. | ||
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| Historically Gingko is known a fossil tree, as it is literally a living fossil, this is because it is acknowledged to be the oldest type of tree in the world. The genus of the plant dates back approximately 165 million years in China. Prior to this the genus was disturbed across much of the northern hemisphere - approximately 180-200 million years ago. The last ice age destroyed this group of plants leaving only the Gingko biloba as the last remaining member of the family. | Historically Gingko is known a fossil tree, as it is literally a living fossil, this is because it is acknowledged to be the oldest type of tree in the world. The genus of the plant dates back approximately 165 million years in China. Prior to this the genus was disturbed across much of the northern hemisphere - approximately 180-200 million years ago. The last ice age destroyed this group of plants leaving only the Gingko biloba as the last remaining member of the family. | ||
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| - | ====Parts of the plant used==== | + | =====Parts of the plant used===== |
| In modern times the focus has been on using the leaf of the tree, however traditional use focused on using the nut. There are slightly different qualities to each. (Braun 2011; Fisher 2009). It must be noted that when harvesting the seed or kernel from the fruit, protective clothing needs to be worn, such as gloves, as some people have sensitivity to the fruits and they may cause an unpleasant skin reaction. | In modern times the focus has been on using the leaf of the tree, however traditional use focused on using the nut. There are slightly different qualities to each. (Braun 2011; Fisher 2009). It must be noted that when harvesting the seed or kernel from the fruit, protective clothing needs to be worn, such as gloves, as some people have sensitivity to the fruits and they may cause an unpleasant skin reaction. | ||
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| - | ====Major Chemical Components (leaf, seed, kernel)==== | + | =====Major Chemical Components (leaf, seed, kernel)===== |
| - | 4’-0-methylpyridoxine, | + | 4’-0-methylpyridoxine, |
| + | \\ | ||
| - | ====Active Constituents / Components==== | + | =====Active Constituents / Components===== |
| Several of the above components are thought to be responsible for the healing aspects of Ginkgo, these include the flavonoids type compounds Quercetin, Kaempferol and Isorhamnetin, | Several of the above components are thought to be responsible for the healing aspects of Ginkgo, these include the flavonoids type compounds Quercetin, Kaempferol and Isorhamnetin, | ||
| - | ====Nutritional components==== | + | =====Nutritional components===== |
| Ginkgo nut contains a wide variety of beneficial components. Ginkgo per 100g weight contains the following macronutrients: | Ginkgo nut contains a wide variety of beneficial components. Ginkgo per 100g weight contains the following macronutrients: | ||
| - | Common protein food sources are meat, fish, dairy, eggs, seeds, nuts. When eaten the digestive system of the body breaks the proteins of these foods down into amino acids. There are 22 amino acids the body uses, 8 of which are essential and the remaining 14 are considered non-essential. Amino acids are used within the body for a whole range of functions, on a basic level they are the building blocks of the body forming the tissue and structure for all parts of the body as well as smaller structures such as hormones, enzymes, neurotransmitters and haemoglobin. When protein is eaten, it is digested and broken down to amino acids, the body is able to form certain other amino acids from these. This type of amino acid is called a non-essential amino acid, specifically because the body can form them. However the body is only able to make a certain amount of amino acids and must have an input of what is known as essential amino acids to function correctly, these need to be a part of the daily diet. Without these essential amino acids, problems can start occuring with the body. Foods that contain all the essential amino acids are known as complete proteins. Ginkgo nuts are a complete protein as they contain all the essential amino acids. Gingko nuts contains the majority of the non-essential amino acids. ((Self | + | Common protein food sources are meat, fish, dairy, eggs, seeds, nuts. When eaten the digestive system of the body breaks the proteins of these foods down into amino acids. There are 22 amino acids the body uses, 8 of which are essential and the remaining 14 are considered non-essential. Amino acids are used within the body for a whole range of functions, on a basic level they are the building blocks of the body forming the tissue and structure for all parts of the body as well as smaller structures such as hormones, enzymes, neurotransmitters and haemoglobin. When protein is eaten, it is digested and broken down to amino acids, the body is able to form certain other amino acids from these. This type of amino acid is called a non-essential amino acid, specifically because the body can form them. However the body is only able to make a certain amount of amino acids and must have an input of what is known as essential amino acids to function correctly, these need to be a part of the daily diet. Without these essential amino acids, problems can start occuring with the body. Foods that contain all the essential amino acids are known as complete proteins. Ginkgo nuts are a complete protein as they contain all the essential amino acids. Gingko nuts contains the majority of the non-essential amino acids. ((Self |
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| - | ====Summary of the Amino Acids Properties within Ginkgo Nuts==== | + | =====Summary of the Amino Acids Properties within Ginkgo Nuts===== |
| - | ===Essential Amino Acids=== | + | |
| - | ==Isoleucine== | + | ====Essential Amino Acids==== |
| - | This is found in the muscles in high amounts and is involved in the production of energy. | + | |
| - | \\ \\ | + | ===Isoleucine=== |
| - | ==Leucine== | + | *This is found in the muscles in high amounts and is involved in the production of energy. |
| - | This amino acid is essential for growth. | + | |
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| - | Synthesis of protein in muscle. | + | ===Leucine=== |
| - | \\ | + | *This amino acid is essential for growth. |
| - | Leucine is also used in the production of energy and is particularly important during times of starvation and fasting. | + | *Synthesis of protein in muscle. |
| + | *Leucine is also used in the production of energy and is particularly important during times of starvation and fasting. | ||
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| - | ==Lysine== | + | ===Lysine=== |
| - | This is found in muscle tissue. | + | *This is found in muscle tissue. |
| - | \\ | + | *Calcium absorption from the intestinal tract. |
| - | Calcium absorption from the intestinal tract. | + | *It helps in the formation of bone and collagen production. |
| - | \\ | + | |
| - | It helps in the formation of bone and collagen production. | + | |
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| - | ==Methionine== | + | ===Methionine=== |
| - | Health of skin and nails. \\ | + | *Health of skin and nails. \\ |
| - | Prevents the build up of fat in the liver and other parts of the body. \\ | + | *Prevents the build up of fat in the liver and other parts of the body. \\ |
| - | Prevention of fatigue. \\ | + | *Prevention of fatigue. \\ |
| - | Reduction of allergy due to it lowers histamine response and works as an antioxidant. \\ | + | *Reduction of allergy due to it lowers histamine response and works as an antioxidant. \\ |
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| - | ==Phenylalanine== | + | ===Phenylalanine=== |
| - | This amino acid is a precursor of tyrosine. \\ | + | *This amino acid is a precursor of tyrosine. \\ |
| - | Formation of the catecholamines epinephrine (adrenaline), | + | *Formation of the catecholamines epinephrine (adrenaline), |
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| - | ==Threonine== | + | ===Threonine=== |
| - | Formation of tooth enamel protein, elastin and collagen. \\ | + | *Formation of tooth enamel protein, elastin and collagen. \\ |
| - | It also helps in keeping fat low within the liver. \\ | + | *It also helps in keeping fat low within the liver. \\ |
| - | Reducing the effect of glucose. \\ | + | *Reducing the effect of glucose. \\ |
| - | It also promotes the growth of the thymus, therefore is immune stimulating. \\ | + | *It also promotes the growth of the thymus, therefore is immune stimulating. \\ |
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| - | ==Tryptophan== | + | ===Tryptophan=== |
| - | Reduces the incidence of insomnia and depression, precursor to the neurotransmitter serotonin. Tryptophan is linked with reducing pain especially dental, headaches and migraines. It also stimulates appetite. | + | *Reduces the incidence of insomnia and depression, precursor to the neurotransmitter serotonin. Tryptophan is linked with reducing pain especially dental, headaches and migraines. It also stimulates appetite. |
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| - | ==Valine== | + | ===Valine=== |
| - | Useful in treating addictions. \\ | + | *Useful in treating addictions. \\ |
| - | Linked with the myelin sheathes that cover the nerves. \\ | + | *Linked with the myelin sheathes that cover the nerves. \\ |
| - | It is also used in the production of energy. \\ | + | *It is also used in the production of energy. \\ |
| - | Useful in building muscle and treating liver and gall bladder disease. \\ | + | *Useful in building muscle and treating liver and gall bladder disease. \\ |
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| - | ===Non essential Amino acids=== | + | ====Non essential Amino acids==== |
| - | ==Alanine== | + | ===Alanine=== |
| - | Found in muscle tissue, used in muscle and liver chemistry and their fuel source. \\ | + | *Found in muscle tissue, used in muscle and liver chemistry and their fuel source. \\ |
| - | Deficiency is also linked with hypoglycaemia. \\ | + | *Deficiency is also linked with hypoglycaemia. \\ |
| - | Immune function. \\ | + | *Immune function. \\ |
| - | Neurotransmitter like function. \\ | + | *Neurotransmitter like function. \\ |
| - | Nitrogen shuttle between nerves in the brain deficiency linked with epilepsy. \\ | + | *Nitrogen shuttle between nerves in the brain deficiency linked with epilepsy. \\ |
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| - | ==Arginine== | + | ===Arginine=== |
| - | Used for periods of growth especially in childhood, pregnancy and during times of stress. \\ | + | *Used for periods of growth especially in childhood, pregnancy and during times of stress. \\ |
| - | Used in muscle metabolism. \\ | + | *Used in muscle metabolism. \\ |
| - | Hormone function. \\ | + | *Hormone function. \\ |
| - | Deficiencies are indicated by constipation, | + | *Deficiencies are indicated by constipation, |
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| - | ==Aspartic acid== | + | ===Aspartic acid=== |
| - | Elimination of wastes in the body such as urea. \\ | + | *Elimination of wastes in the body such as urea. \\ |
| - | Excitatory function in the brain. \\ | + | *Excitatory function in the brain. \\ |
| - | Deficiency linked with depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, | + | *Deficiency linked with depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, |
| - | Excess aspartic levels linked with epilepsy. Production of DNA and RNA. \\ | + | *Excess aspartic levels linked with epilepsy. Production of DNA and RNA. \\ |
| - | Protection from radiation and toxins. \\ | + | *Protection from radiation and toxins. \\ |
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| - | ==Cysteine== | + | ===Cysteine=== |
| - | This is a sulphur containing amino acid used in many metabolic pathways. \\ | + | *This is a sulphur containing amino acid used in many metabolic pathways. \\ |
| - | It is part of the production of homocyestine from a complex path of other compounds. \\ | + | *It is part of the production of homocyestine from a complex path of other compounds. \\ |
| - | Used in the formation of glutathione a regulator of cellular health. \\ | + | *Used in the formation of glutathione a regulator of cellular health. \\ |
| - | Immune function. \\ | + | *Immune function. \\ |
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| - | ==Glutamic acid (glutamate)== | + | ===Glutamic acid (glutamate)=== |
| - | An acidic and excitatory amino acid ability to stimulate the nervous system. \\ | + | *An acidic and excitatory amino acid ability to stimulate the nervous system. \\ |
| - | Converted to gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA). \\ | + | *Converted to gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA). \\ |
| - | Converted into glutamine which is healing to the small intestine. \\ | + | *Converted into glutamine which is healing to the small intestine. \\ |
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| - | ==Glycine== | + | ===Glycine=== |
| - | Energy production by sparing glucose and glycogen storage. \\ | + | *Energy production by sparing glucose and glycogen storage. \\ |
| - | Important for brain metabolism acting as a neurotransmitter, | + | *Important for brain metabolism acting as a neurotransmitter, |
| - | DNA and RNA synthesis. \\ | + | *DNA and RNA synthesis. \\ |
| - | Muscle spasticity. \\ | + | *Muscle spasticity. \\ |
| - | Detoxification, | + | *Detoxification, |
| - | Wound healing. \\ | + | *Wound healing. \\ |
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| - | ==Histidine== | + | ===Histidine=== |
| - | Periods of growth and is essential in childhood. \\ | + | *Periods of growth and is essential in childhood. \\ |
| - | Malnourishment and periods of injury used for tissue repair. \\ | + | *Malnourishment and periods of injury used for tissue repair. \\ |
| - | Blood cell production – haemoglobin. \\ | + | *Blood cell production – haemoglobin. \\ |
| - | Production of histamine used for allergy and inflammation. \\ | + | *Production of histamine used for allergy and inflammation. \\ |
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| - | ==Proline== | + | ===Proline=== |
| - | Production of collagen which is used to make bone skin and cartilage. \\ | + | *Production of collagen which is used to make bone skin and cartilage. \\ |
| - | Maintenance of joints and tendons. \\ | + | *Maintenance of joints and tendons. \\ |
| - | Antibacterial. \\ | + | *Antibacterial. \\ |
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| - | ==Serine== | + | ===Serine=== |
| - | Part of the components of brain proteins and neurological health. \\ | + | *Part of the components of brain proteins and neurological health. \\ |
| - | Cell membranes contain a form of this. \\ | + | *Cell membranes contain a form of this. \\ |
| - | Part of the S-adenosylmethionine cycle (SAM cycle). \\ | + | *Part of the S-adenosylmethionine cycle (SAM cycle). \\ |
| - | Detoxification. \\ | + | *Detoxification. \\ |
| - | Gene regulation. \\ | + | *Gene regulation. \\ |
| - | Hormone production. \\ | + | *Hormone production. \\ |
| - | Cellular apoptosis. \\ | + | *Cellular apoptosis. \\ |
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| - | ==Tyrosine== | + | ===Tyrosine=== |
| - | Precursor to epinephrine (adrenaline) norepinephrine (noradrenaline) dopamine and thyroid hormones stimulating the nervous system and metabolism. \\ | + | *Precursor to epinephrine (adrenaline) norepinephrine (noradrenaline) dopamine and thyroid hormones stimulating the nervous system and metabolism. \\ |
| - | Growth. \\ | + | *Growth. \\ |
| - | Pain response. \\ | + | *Pain response. \\ |
| - | Hormone production. \\ | + | *Hormone production. \\ |
| - | Antidepressant qualities. \\ | + | *Antidepressant qualities. \\ |
| - | Appetite suppressant. \\ | + | *Appetite suppressant. \\ |
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| - | ===Lipids=== | + | ====Lipids==== |
| Ginkgo nuts also contain a low level of lipids (fats and fatty acids), a portion of these being saturated fats. It has been reported by certain health organisations that saturated fats have increased risks linked with obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular health. However current research is questioning the role this type of fat really has and evaluating its impact on the body. Recent studies indicate saturated fat is not the problem with obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular health, the real culprits being high levels of processed carbohydrates in the form of packaged food which is high in sugars, grains such as wheat and transfats. ((Mercola, 2011)) Ginkgo nuts contain no cholesterol and transfats, these have been linked with negative health conditions. Ginkgo nuts do have some monounsaturated fats and essential fatty acids, specifically omega 6 and 3 oils which are essential for health. | Ginkgo nuts also contain a low level of lipids (fats and fatty acids), a portion of these being saturated fats. It has been reported by certain health organisations that saturated fats have increased risks linked with obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular health. However current research is questioning the role this type of fat really has and evaluating its impact on the body. Recent studies indicate saturated fat is not the problem with obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular health, the real culprits being high levels of processed carbohydrates in the form of packaged food which is high in sugars, grains such as wheat and transfats. ((Mercola, 2011)) Ginkgo nuts contain no cholesterol and transfats, these have been linked with negative health conditions. Ginkgo nuts do have some monounsaturated fats and essential fatty acids, specifically omega 6 and 3 oils which are essential for health. | ||
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| The micronutrient content of the Ginkgo nut includes vitamin A (Retinol activity), vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B9 and vitamin C. The minerals Gingko nuts contain are Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sodium, Zinc, Copper and Manganese. ((Self Nutritional Data 2018)) | The micronutrient content of the Ginkgo nut includes vitamin A (Retinol activity), vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B9 and vitamin C. The minerals Gingko nuts contain are Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sodium, Zinc, Copper and Manganese. ((Self Nutritional Data 2018)) | ||
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| - | ====Summarisation of Micronutrients Properties within Ginkgo Nuts==== | + | =====Summarisation of Micronutrients Properties within Ginkgo Nuts===== |
| This is an overview of the properties of these micronutrients and some of the conditions they can support or treat. | This is an overview of the properties of these micronutrients and some of the conditions they can support or treat. | ||
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| - | ===Vitamin A=== | + | ====Vitamin A==== |
| - | ==Eyesight== | + | ===Eyesight=== |
| - | Production of one of the chemicals of the eye cones, leading to night vision. \\ | + | *Production of one of the chemicals of the eye cones, leading to night vision. \\ |
| - | Health of cornea and eye covering. \\ | + | *Health of cornea and eye covering. \\ |
| - | Lack of vitamin A may lead to inflammation and irritation of the eye tissue. \\ | + | *Lack of vitamin A may lead to inflammation and irritation of the eye tissue. \\ |
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| - | ==Growth and Tissue healing== | + | ===Growth and Tissue healing=== |
| - | Tissue health and maintenance. \\ | + | *Tissue health and maintenance. \\ |
| - | The laying down of new cells including bone cells and teeth (part of the production of tooth enamel). \\ | + | *The laying down of new cells including bone cells and teeth (part of the production of tooth enamel). \\ |
| - | The support of growth within the body, helping cell to form to maturity with strong structural integrity. \\ | + | *The support of growth within the body, helping cell to form to maturity with strong structural integrity. \\ |
| - | Formation of the external, internal and mucous membrane (nose, respiration, | + | *Formation of the external, internal and mucous membrane (nose, respiration, |
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| - | ===Antioxidants=== | + | ====Antioxidants==== |
| - | Fights off pollution. \\ | + | *Fights off pollution. \\ |
| - | Protects the body from free radicals. \\ | + | *Protects the body from free radicals. \\ |
| - | May be helpful in prevents ulcers, atherosclerosis, | + | *May be helpful in prevents ulcers, atherosclerosis, |
| - | Lowering cancer risk and supporting the immune system. \\ | + | *Lowering cancer risk and supporting the immune system. \\ |
| - | Cell structural integrity and correct differentiation of surface cells. \\ | + | *Cell structural integrity and correct differentiation of surface cells. \\ |
| - | Healthy function of mucous membranes. \\ | + | *Healthy function of mucous membranes. \\ |
| - | In retinol form can optimise white blood cell production. \\ | + | *In retinol form can optimise white blood cell production. \\ |
| - | Optimise recognition of food allergies, antibody response and the blockages of certain viruses. \\ | + | *Optimise recognition of food allergies, antibody response and the blockages of certain viruses. \\ |
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| - | ==Regulating genetic processes== | + | ===Regulating genetic processes=== |
| - | Many of the body’s cells contain receptors for retinoic acid, which seems to aid their genetic processes. \\ | + | |
| - | Fatigue and insomnia can be signs of deficiency as well as slight loss of smell and taste. \\ | + | |
| - | ==Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)== | + | *Many of the body’s cells contain receptors for retinoic acid, which seems to aid their genetic processes. \\ |
| - | Co-factor in the metabolism and production of energy (carbohydrates and lipids). | + | *Fatigue and insomnia can be signs of deficiency as well as slight loss of smell and taste. |
| - | Health of nerves and nervous system (synthesis of acetylcholine), | + | |
| - | Production of the myelin sheath, the protective insulation made from fatty like tissue around the nerves, a lack of which leads to inflammation. \\ | + | |
| - | Growth and individual learning capacity in children. \\ | + | |
| - | Depression. \\ | + | |
| - | Fatigue. \\ | + | |
| - | Irritability. \\ | + | |
| - | Treatment of nerve conditions. \\ | + | |
| - | Beriberi. \\ | + | |
| - | Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. \\ | + | |
| - | Loss of memory. \\ | + | |
| - | Loss of motor skills. \\ | + | |
| - | GI problems – lack of motility. | + | |
| - | ==Vitamin | + | ===Vitamin |
| - | Formation of two of the co-enzymes used in the metabolism and production of energy. \\ | + | |
| - | Needed for cellular respiration. \\ | + | *Co-factor in the metabolism and production of energy (carbohydrates and lipids). \\ |
| - | Healthy eyesight. \\ | + | *Health of nerves and nervous system (synthesis of acetylcholine), |
| - | Healthy hair, skin and nails. \\ | + | *Production of the myelin sheath, the protective insulation made from fatty like tissue around the nerves, a lack of which leads to inflammation. \\ |
| - | Utilised for cellular growth. \\ | + | *Growth and individual learning capacity in children. \\ |
| - | Supports the formation and recycling of other essential chemicals in the body. The production of niacin (vitamin B3), pyridoxal phosphate (vitamin B6) and glutathione. \\ | + | *Depression. \\ |
| - | Nervous system health – head aches / migraines. | + | *Fatigue. \\ |
| + | *Irritability. \\ | ||
| + | *Treatment of nerve conditions. \\ | ||
| + | *Beriberi. \\ | ||
| + | *Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. \\ | ||
| + | *Loss of memory. \\ | ||
| + | *Loss of motor skills. \\ | ||
| + | *GI problems – lack of motility. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | *Formation of two of the co-enzymes used in the metabolism and production of energy. \\ | ||
| + | *Needed for cellular respiration. \\ | ||
| + | *Healthy eyesight. \\ | ||
| + | *Healthy hair, skin and nails. \\ | ||
| + | *Utilised for cellular growth. \\ | ||
| + | *Supports the formation and recycling of other essential chemicals in the body. The production of niacin (vitamin B3), pyridoxal phosphate (vitamin B6) and glutathione. \\ | ||
| + | *Nervous system health – head aches / migraines. | ||
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| - | ==Vitamin B3 (Niacin)== | + | ===Vitamin B3 (Niacin)=== |
| - | Produces two of the co-enzymes in the Krebs cycle providing metabolism and energy for every cell in the body. \\ | + | |
| - | Energy production from carbohydrates, | + | *Produces two of the co-enzymes in the Krebs cycle providing metabolism and energy for every cell in the body. \\ |
| - | Stimulation of circulation. \\ | + | *Energy production from carbohydrates, |
| - | Formation of red blood cells and steroids. \\ | + | *Stimulation of circulation. \\ |
| - | Metabolism of some drugs and toxicants. \\ | + | *Formation of red blood cells and steroids. \\ |
| - | Reduction of cholesterol. \\ | + | *Metabolism of some drugs and toxicants. \\ |
| - | Healthy activity of the nervous system. \\ | + | *Reduction of cholesterol. \\ |
| - | Health of skin, tongue and digestive tract tissues. \\ | + | *Healthy activity of the nervous system. \\ |
| - | Synthesis of oestrogen, progesterone and testosterone and other corticosteroid hormones. | + | *Health of skin, tongue and digestive tract tissues. \\ |
| + | *Synthesis of oestrogen, progesterone and testosterone and other corticosteroid hormones. | ||
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| - | ==Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid)== | + | ===Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid)=== |
| - | Precursor of Coenzyme A (CoA) this being an essential component of 4% of enzymatic reactions that are part of metabolism. Vitamin B5 is formed into Coenzyme A where it is used for the metabolism of carbohydrates, | + | |
| - | Vitamin B5 in the form of Coenzyme A is essential for cellular metabolism. \\ | + | *Precursor of Coenzyme A (CoA) this being an essential component of 4% of enzymatic reactions that are part of metabolism. Vitamin B5 is formed into Coenzyme A where it is used for the metabolism of carbohydrates, |
| - | It is closely linked with adrenal cortex function. \\ | + | *Vitamin B5 in the form of Coenzyme A is essential for cellular metabolism. \\ |
| - | Supports healthy skin and nerves. | + | *It is closely linked with adrenal cortex function. \\ |
| + | *Supports healthy skin and nerves. | ||
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| - | ==Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)== | + | ===Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)=== |
| - | Vitamin B6 and its coenzyme form pyridoxal-5-phosphate (P5P). These have numerous metabolic functions, significantly in amino acid metabolism and the central nervous system, here producing the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). There are numerous reactions that require vitamin B6 to be present, these include production of niacin from tryptophan, tryptophan to serotonin and the production of prostaglandin E2 from arachidonic acid. \\ | + | |
| - | Hormone regulation. \\ | + | *Vitamin B6 and its coenzyme form pyridoxal-5-phosphate (P5P). These have numerous metabolic functions, significantly in amino acid metabolism and the central nervous system, here producing the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). There are numerous reactions that require vitamin B6 to be present, these include production of niacin from tryptophan, tryptophan to serotonin and the production of prostaglandin E2 from arachidonic acid. \\ |
| - | Vitamin B6 is used in the production of energy from all food groups (carbohydrates, | + | *Hormone regulation. \\ |
| - | The degradation of proteins and the production of other amino acids. \\ | + | *Vitamin B6 is used in the production of energy from all food groups (carbohydrates, |
| - | Transportation of amino acids across the intestinal mucosa into the blood stream. \\ | + | *The degradation of proteins and the production of other amino acids. \\ |
| - | Importance in sulphur metabolism particularly with tryptophan, cysteine and methionine metabolism. \\ | + | *Transportation of amino acids across the intestinal mucosa into the blood stream. \\ |
| - | Release of stored energy in the form of glycogen from the liver and muscles. \\ | + | *Importance in sulphur metabolism particularly with tryptophan, cysteine and methionine metabolism. \\ |
| - | Production of antibodies. \\ | + | *Release of stored energy in the form of glycogen from the liver and muscles. \\ |
| - | Red blood cell production and haemoglobin synthesis. \\ | + | *Production of antibodies. \\ |
| - | Functioning of DNA and RNA. \\ | + | *Red blood cell production and haemoglobin synthesis. \\ |
| - | The balance of sodium and potassium. \\ | + | *Functioning of DNA and RNA. \\ |
| - | Fluid balance regulation. \\ | + | *The balance of sodium and potassium. \\ |
| - | The electrical functioning of the heart, musculoskeletal system and nerves. \\ | + | *Fluid balance regulation. \\ |
| - | Maintenance of intracellular magnesium. \\ | + | *The electrical functioning of the heart, musculoskeletal system and nerves. \\ |
| - | Metabolism of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and acetylcholine. \\ | + | *Maintenance of intracellular magnesium. \\ |
| - | Metabolism of the allergy regulator histamine. \\ | + | *Metabolism of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and acetylcholine. \\ |
| - | Needed for the production of neurotransmitters and hormones. | + | *Metabolism of the allergy regulator histamine. \\ |
| + | *Needed for the production of neurotransmitters and hormones. | ||
| \\ \\ | \\ \\ | ||
| - | ==Vitamin B9 (Folic Acid)== | + | ===Vitamin B9 (Folic Acid)=== |
| - | Converted into a coenzyme in the digestive tract and transported in the blood stream. Converted into its active form tetrahydrofolic acid (THFA) in the presence of niacin coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) and vitamin C. \\ | + | |
| - | Production of red blood cells. \\ | + | *Converted into a coenzyme in the digestive tract and transported in the blood stream. Converted into its active form tetrahydrofolic acid (THFA) in the presence of niacin coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) and vitamin C. \\ |
| - | With vitamin B12 and vitamin C breakdown of protein into amino acids and the formation of other amino acids. \\ | + | *Production of red blood cells. \\ |
| - | Formation of the nucleic acids for DNA and RNA. \\ | + | *With vitamin B12 and vitamin C breakdown of protein into amino acids and the formation of other amino acids. \\ |
| - | Growth and reproduction of cells (especially important for young children and pregnancy). \\ | + | *Formation of the nucleic acids for DNA and RNA. \\ |
| - | Balancing of the brain’s neurotransmitter levels particularly the catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine (adrenaline and noradrenaline). | + | *Growth and reproduction of cells (especially important for young children and pregnancy). \\ |
| + | *Balancing of the brain’s neurotransmitter levels particularly the catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine (adrenaline and noradrenaline). | ||
| \\ \\ | \\ \\ | ||
| - | ==Vitamin C== ((Braun and Cohen, 2011;Hass 2006; Hechtman 2012; Murray et al 2013; Pizzorno et al 2013)) | + | ===Vitamin C=== |
| - | Antioxidant, | + | |
| - | Recycling of vitamin C from its oxidised form (ascorbyl radical) and reduced form (ascorbate), | + | *Antioxidant, |
| - | Protection of vitamin A, vitamin E and some of the B vitamins, beta carotene, Selenium and Zinc. \\ | + | *Recycling of vitamin C from its oxidised form (ascorbyl radical) and reduced form (ascorbate), |
| - | Formation and maintenance of collagen, used to make connective tissue found in the bones, capillary walls, cartilage, joint linings, ligaments, teeth, vertebral disks. \\ | + | *Protection of vitamin A, vitamin E and some of the B vitamins, beta carotene, Selenium and Zinc. \\ |
| - | Maintenance of healthy tissue. \\ | + | *Formation and maintenance of collagen, used to make connective tissue found in the bones, capillary walls, cartilage, joint linings, ligaments, teeth, vertebral disks. \\ |
| - | Wound healing. \\ | + | *Maintenance of healthy tissue. \\ |
| - | Metabolism of tyrosine, tryptophan and vitamin B9. \\ | + | *Wound healing. \\ |
| - | Stimulation of adrenal glands to produce epinephrine and nor-epinephrine (adrenaline and nor-adrenaline). \\ | + | *Metabolism of tyrosine, tryptophan and vitamin B9. \\ |
| - | Cholesterol metabolism. \\ | + | *Stimulation of adrenal glands to produce epinephrine and nor-epinephrine (adrenaline and nor-adrenaline). \\ |
| - | Thyroid function. \\ | + | *Cholesterol metabolism. \\ |
| - | Immune function – prevention and reduction of colds and flu. \\ | + | *Thyroid function. \\ |
| - | Immune response to bacteria, fungal and viruses including colds, flus, herpes, simplex, hepatitis, mononucleosis, | + | *Immune function – prevention and reduction of colds and flu. \\ |
| - | Fatigue and metabolism issues. | + | *Immune response to bacteria, fungal and viruses including colds, flus, herpes, simplex, hepatitis, mononucleosis, |
| - | Helpful for those withdrawing from substances. \\ | + | *Fatigue and metabolism issues. |
| - | Promotion of appetite. \\ | + | *Helpful for those withdrawing from substances. \\ |
| - | Heavy metal elimination. \\ | + | *Promotion of appetite. \\ |
| - | Laxative properties. \\ | + | *Heavy metal elimination. \\ |
| - | Absorption of iron from the gastro-intestinal tract especially in its non-heme (plant based) form. \\ | + | *Laxative properties. \\ |
| - | Blood sugar regulation. \\ | + | *Absorption of iron from the gastro-intestinal tract especially in its non-heme (plant based) form. \\ |
| - | Possible support in the reduction of cataracts and glaucoma. \\ | + | *Blood sugar regulation. \\ |
| - | Male infertility caused by the sperm clumping or clustering together and having a reduced level of mobility. \\ | + | *Possible support in the reduction of cataracts and glaucoma. \\ |
| - | Prevention of atherosclerosis reducing platelet aggregation, | + | *Male infertility caused by the sperm clumping or clustering together and having a reduced level of mobility. \\ |
| - | Reduction of triglycerides and cholesterol, | + | *Prevention of atherosclerosis reducing platelet aggregation, |
| + | *Reduction of triglycerides and cholesterol, | ||
| \\ | \\ | ||
| - | ==Calcium (Ca)== | + | ===Calcium (Ca)=== |
| - | Required for the functioning of virtually every cell in the body. \\ | + | |
| - | Structure of the bones and teeth and muscles. \\ | + | *Required for the functioning of virtually every cell in the body. \\ |
| - | Needed for muscle contraction. \\ | + | *Structure of the bones and teeth and muscles. \\ |
| - | Release of neurotransmitters. \\ | + | *Needed for muscle contraction. \\ |
| - | Nerve transmission. \\ | + | *Release of neurotransmitters. \\ |
| - | Signal transduction. \\ | + | *Nerve transmission. \\ |
| - | Enzyme secretion. \\ | + | *Signal transduction. \\ |
| - | Heart function (muscular contraction of heart muscle). \\ | + | *Enzyme secretion. \\ |
| - | Vascular function. \\ | + | *Heart function (muscular contraction of heart muscle). \\ |
| - | Blood coagulation. \\ | + | *Vascular function. \\ |
| - | Glandular secretion. \\ | + | *Blood coagulation. \\ |
| - | Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) pumps, producing cellular energy. \\ | + | *Glandular secretion. \\ |
| - | Needed for growth. \\ | + | *Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) pumps, producing cellular energy. \\ |
| + | *Needed for growth. | ||
| \\ | \\ | ||
| - | ==Iron (Fe)== | + | ===Iron (Fe)=== |
| - | Present in haem proteins e.g. haemoglobin and myoglobin – used for the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide. \\ | + | |
| - | Cytochromes, | + | *Present in haem proteins e.g. haemoglobin and myoglobin – used for the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide. \\ |
| - | A large number of enzymes rely on iron for their formation. \\ | + | *Cytochromes, |
| - | Within the Krebs cycle it is found in most of the functional groups of enzymes. \\ | + | *A large number of enzymes rely on iron for their formation. \\ |
| - | Significant biological functions rely on the high redox potential of iron supporting the conversion between Fe2+ and Fe 3+ forms. \\ | + | *Within the Krebs cycle it is found in most of the functional groups of enzymes. \\ |
| - | Key cofactor in the dopamine, norepinephrine (nor adrenaline) and serotonin synthesis and other neurotransmitters. \\ \\ | + | *Significant biological functions rely on the high redox potential of iron supporting the conversion between Fe2+ and Fe 3+ forms. \\ |
| + | *Key cofactor in the dopamine, norepinephrine (nor adrenaline) and serotonin synthesis and other neurotransmitters. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Magnesium (Mg)=== | ||
| - | ==Magnesium (Mg)== ((Braun and Cohen, 2011;Hass 2006; Hechtman 2012; Murray et al 2013; Pizzorno et al 2013)) | + | *Anti-stress mineral. \\ |
| - | Anti-stress mineral. \\ | + | *Natural tranquiliser. \\ |
| - | Natural tranquiliser. \\ | + | *Relaxation / dilation of skeletal muscle and the smooth muscle of the vascular system and gastrointestinal tract. \\ |
| - | Relaxation / dilation of skeletal muscle and the smooth muscle of the vascular system and gastrointestinal tract. \\ | + | *Health of the heart, prevent coronary artery spasm therefore heart attacks – dilation of cardiac muscle. \\ |
| - | Health of the heart, prevent coronary artery spasm therefore heart attacks – dilation of cardiac muscle. \\ | + | *Antiarrhythmic – prevents arrhythmia of the heart (irregular heart beat / palpitations). \\ |
| - | Antiarrhythmic – prevents arrhythmia of the heart (irregular heart beat / palpitations). \\ | + | *Intracellular nutrition activating enzymes that are needed for the metabolism of carbohydrates and proteins. \\ |
| - | Intracellular nutrition activating enzymes that are needed for the metabolism of carbohydrates and proteins. \\ | + | *DNA and RNA production and function. \\ |
| - | DNA and RNA production and function. \\ | + | *Electrical potential modulation across cell membranes, allowing the passage of nutrients. \\ |
| - | Electrical potential modulation across cell membranes, allowing the passage of nutrients. \\ | + | *Production of energy using adenosine triphosphate (ATP). \\ |
| - | Production of energy using adenosine triphosphate (ATP). \\ | + | *Magnesium prevents nerve cell overstimulation by preventing excess calcium stimulation. Magnesium being placed at the gate of the calcium channels - calcium channel blocker. \\ |
| - | Magnesium prevents nerve cell overstimulation by preventing excess calcium stimulation. Magnesium being placed at the gate of the calcium channels - calcium channel blocker. \\ | + | *Dilation of blood vessels. \\ |
| - | Dilation of blood vessels. \\ | + | *Key role in the formation of over 350 enzymes and cofactors in over 300 enzymatic reactions. \\ |
| - | Key role in the formation of over 350 enzymes and cofactors in over 300 enzymatic reactions. \\ | + | *Protein synthesis for anaerobic and aerobic energy. \\ |
| - | Protein synthesis for anaerobic and aerobic energy. \\ | + | *Key role in cell division. \\ |
| - | Key role in cell division. \\ | + | *Movement of potassium to myocardial cells. \\ |
| - | Movement of potassium to myocardial cells. \\ | + | *Formation of hard tooth enamel. |
| - | Formation of hard tooth enamel. \\ | + | |
| \\ | \\ | ||
| - | ==Phosphorus (Ph)== | + | ===Phosphorus (Ph)=== |
| - | Bone mass production. \\ | + | *Bone mass production. \\ |
| - | Cellular energy metabolism. \\ | + | *Cellular energy metabolism. \\ |
| - | Cell function. \\ | + | *Cell function. \\ |
| - | Metabolism of carbohydrates, | + | *Metabolism of carbohydrates, |
| - | Coenzyme in a multitude of enzyme systems. \\ | + | *Coenzyme in a multitude of enzyme systems. |
| \\ | \\ | ||
| - | ==Potassium (K)== ((Braun and Cohen, 2011;Hass 2006; Hechtman 2012; Murray et al 2013; Pizzorno et al 2013)) | + | ===Potassium (K)=== |
| - | This mineral is a main component of intracellular fluid, it maintains the balance of water between cells. \\ | + | *This mineral is a main component of intracellular fluid, it maintains the balance of water between cells. \\ |
| - | The Na+/K+ ATPase pump (Sodium ion/ | + | *The Na+/K+ ATPase pump (Sodium ion/ |
| - | Numerous physiological processes, these include carbohydrate synthesis, cardiac, smooth and skeletal muscles contraction, | + | *Numerous physiological processes, these include carbohydrate synthesis, cardiac, smooth and skeletal muscles contraction, |
| - | Maintains the acid / alkali balance of the body along with bicarbonate, | + | *Maintains the acid / alkali balance of the body along with bicarbonate, |
| \\ \\ | \\ \\ | ||
| - | ==Sodium (Na)== | + | ===Sodium (Na)=== |
| - | All body fluids contain sodium therefore it is required for numerous body functions. \\ | + | *All body fluids contain sodium therefore it is required for numerous body functions. \\ |
| - | Acid / alkaline body balance. \\ | + | *Acid / alkaline body balance. \\ |
| - | Adrenal gland function. \\ | + | *Adrenal gland function. \\ |
| - | Extracellular volume. \\ | + | *Extracellular volume. \\ |
| - | Serum osmolarity. \\ | + | *Serum osmolarity. \\ |
| - | Intracellular and extracellular fluid balance / distribution. \\ | + | *Intracellular and extracellular fluid balance / distribution. \\ |
| - | Membrane potential for cells. \\ | + | *Membrane potential for cells. \\ |
| - | Active transport across cell membranes of molecules. \\ | + | *Active transport across cell membranes of molecules. \\ |
| - | Muscle contraction and expansion. \\ | + | *Muscle contraction and expansion. \\ |
| - | Nerve stimulation. \\ | + | *Nerve stimulation. |
| - | ==Zinc (Zn)== | + | ===Zinc (Zn)=== |
| - | Carbohydrate and protein metabolism. \\ | + | *Carbohydrate and protein metabolism. \\ |
| - | Cell division and differentiation. \\ | + | *Cell division and differentiation. \\ |
| - | Cognitive behaviour. \\ | + | *Cognitive behaviour. \\ |
| - | DNA metabolism and repair. \\ | + | *DNA metabolism and repair. \\ |
| - | Embryogenesis. \\ | + | *Embryogenesis. \\ |
| - | Growth and development. \\ | + | *Growth and development. \\ |
| - | Immunity. \\ | + | *Immunity. \\ |
| - | Neurogenesis. \\ | + | *Neurogenesis. \\ |
| - | Neural growth and transmission. \\ | + | *Neural growth and transmission. \\ |
| - | Proliferation, | + | *Proliferation, |
| - | Reproduction. \\ | + | *Reproduction. \\ |
| - | Synaptogenesis. \\ | + | *Synaptogenesis. \\ |
| - | Taste. \\ | + | *Taste. \\ |
| - | Vision. \\ | + | *Vision. |
| + | \\ | ||
| \\ | \\ | ||
| - | ==Copper (Cu)== | + | ===Copper (Cu)=== |
| - | Essential in the functioning of a number of enzymes these include amino acid oxidase, cytochrome C oxidase and monoamine oxidase. \\ | + | *Essential in the functioning of a number of enzymes these include amino acid oxidase, cytochrome C oxidase and monoamine oxidase. \\ |
| - | Cofactor in the copper-zinc dismutase and ceruloplasmin antioxidant enzymes. \\ | + | *Cofactor in the copper-zinc dismutase and ceruloplasmin antioxidant enzymes. \\ |
| - | Antioxidant defence. \\ | + | *Antioxidant defence. \\ |
| - | Bone strength. \\ | + | *Bone strength. \\ |
| - | Brain development. \\ | + | *Brain development. \\ |
| - | Cholesterol metabolism. \\ | + | *Cholesterol metabolism. \\ |
| - | Glucose metabolism. \\ | + | *Glucose metabolism. \\ |
| - | Host defence mechanisms. \\ | + | *Host defence mechanisms. \\ |
| - | Infant growth. \\ | + | *Infant growth. \\ |
| - | Iron transport. \\ | + | *Iron transport. \\ |
| - | Myocardial contractility. \\ | + | *Myocardial contractility. \\ |
| - | Red and white cell maturation. \\ | + | *Red and white cell maturation. |
| \\ | \\ | ||
| - | ==Manganese (Mn)== | + | ===Manganese (Mn)=== |
| - | Amino acid metabolism. \\ | + | |
| - | Carbohydrate metabolism. \\ | + | *Amino acid metabolism. \\ |
| - | Cholesterol metabolism. \\ | + | *Carbohydrate metabolism. \\ |
| - | Component of a number of enzymes as well as activating a number of other enzymes. \\ | + | *Cholesterol metabolism. \\ |
| - | Formation of bone. \\ | + | *Component of a number of enzymes as well as activating a number of other enzymes. \\ |
| + | *Formation of bone. ((Braun and Cohen, 2011;Hass 2006; Hechtman 2012; Murray et al 2013; Pizzorno et al 2013)) | ||
| \\ \\ | \\ \\ | ||
| These micronutrients need to be taken in adequate amounts either through food or supplementation to gain these effects. Foods such as Ginkgo nut can help to provide some of these essential nutrients. | These micronutrients need to be taken in adequate amounts either through food or supplementation to gain these effects. Foods such as Ginkgo nut can help to provide some of these essential nutrients. | ||
| \\ \\ | \\ \\ | ||
| - | ====Properties & Taste==== | + | =====Properties & Taste===== |
| Sweet, bitter, astringent, neutral and slightly toxic. | Sweet, bitter, astringent, neutral and slightly toxic. | ||
| \\ \\ | \\ \\ | ||
| - | ===Meridians=== | + | ====Meridians==== |
| Lung and kidney meridians (Traditional Chinese Medicine TCM). | Lung and kidney meridians (Traditional Chinese Medicine TCM). | ||
| \\ \\ | \\ \\ | ||
| - | ===Therapeutic Values=== ((Liu et al 2005)) | + | ====Therapeutic Values==== |
| - | Antitussive, | + | |
| + | Antitussive, | ||
| \\ \\ | \\ \\ | ||
| - | ====Ginkgo nut’s use medicinally==== | + | =====Ginkgo nut’s use medicinally===== |
| - | It is only in recent years that Ginkgo’s leaves have been used for their medicinal qualities. The Ginkgo nut was traditionally used in TCM. It must be emphasised that the leaf and the nut whilst both coming from the same tree will have different properties, as they obviously have different components and therefore compounds, in their structure and function. Ginkgo has primarily been used to treat damp conditions, drying these due to its astringent properties. | + | |
| + | It is only in recent years that Ginkgo’s leaves have been used for their medicinal qualities. The Ginkgo nut was traditionally used in TCM. It must be emphasised that the leaf and the nut whilst both coming from the same tree will have different properties, as they obviously have different components and therefore compounds, in their structure and function. Ginkgo has primarily been used to treat damp conditions, drying these due to its astringent properties. | ||
| \\ | \\ | ||
| The Gingko nut was primarily used in TCM for respiratory complaints particularly asthma, bronchitis and coughing with phlegm. The Ginkgo nut also is used to treat incontinence, | The Gingko nut was primarily used in TCM for respiratory complaints particularly asthma, bronchitis and coughing with phlegm. The Ginkgo nut also is used to treat incontinence, | ||
| Line 417: | Line 433: | ||
| It must be emphasised that this information is given as an indication of the qualities the Ginkgo nut provides. If medicinal support is required for any of the conditions indicated it is best to see a health professional for appropriate guidance and support. \\ \\ | It must be emphasised that this information is given as an indication of the qualities the Ginkgo nut provides. If medicinal support is required for any of the conditions indicated it is best to see a health professional for appropriate guidance and support. \\ \\ | ||
| - | ====Cautions and Contraindications==== | + | =====Cautions and Contraindications===== |
| Ginkgo leafs and nuts contain a toxin called 4’-0-methylpyridoxine or Ginkgotoxin, | Ginkgo leafs and nuts contain a toxin called 4’-0-methylpyridoxine or Ginkgotoxin, | ||
| \\ | \\ | ||
| Line 426: | Line 442: | ||
| There apparently is an antidote in Ginkgotoxins and this is a tea made of boiled Licorice root or Ginkgo shells. ((Bensky 2004)) However obviously it would not be wise to be taking more than the advised dose. | There apparently is an antidote in Ginkgotoxins and this is a tea made of boiled Licorice root or Ginkgo shells. ((Bensky 2004)) However obviously it would not be wise to be taking more than the advised dose. | ||
| - | ====Summary==== | + | =====Summary===== |
| The Gingko nut, if taken in the correct amount, can help to provide a wide range of nutritional components that can help to support health. Ginkgo nut also has a wide range of uses that may support a number of health conditions. It can be taken as a medicine preparation or used as an ingredient in foods. | The Gingko nut, if taken in the correct amount, can help to provide a wide range of nutritional components that can help to support health. Ginkgo nut also has a wide range of uses that may support a number of health conditions. It can be taken as a medicine preparation or used as an ingredient in foods. | ||
| - | ====References==== | + | =====References===== |
| 1. Bensky, D. (2004) Chinese Herbal Medicine Materia Medica, 3rd edition, Eastland Press. \\ | 1. Bensky, D. (2004) Chinese Herbal Medicine Materia Medica, 3rd edition, Eastland Press. \\ | ||